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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>FYI – Randi Doeker<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Add to this news the recent local finding that Zebra mussels spit out pellets
with concentrations of PCB (which the mussels didn’t want to absorb,
apparently) and the pellets are then eaten by small fish.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>From: ILbirds@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:ILbirds@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of PPrich39@aol.com<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>Sent: Thursday, October 26, 2006 11:40 AM<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>To: ILbirds@yahoogroups.com<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>Subject: IBET Article: Botulism Killing
Birds in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">MI</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> (No Sightings)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>Though this article is from a <st1:State
w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:State> newspaper, it regards <st1:place w:st="on">Lake
Michigan</st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>and thought it might be of interest to
IBETers here.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 color=navy face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>____________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><b><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Botulism is killing migratory birds
in <st1:place w:st="on">Lake Michigan</st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>The die-off of loons, grebes, cormorants and other migrating birds is
linked <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>to invasive species of mussels and fish in the <st1:place w:st="on">Great
Lakes</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>(<a href="http://www.startribune.com/531/story/764349.html">http://www.startribune.com/531/story/764349.html</a>)
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Hundreds of loons, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>grebes, mergansers, cormorants and other migrating birds have been
killed in <st1:place w:st="on">Lake</st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Michigan</span></font></st1:place></st1:State>
recently, most likely from bacteria linked to non-native fish and <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>mussels. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Biologists at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore estimated this
week that <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>2,600 dead birds have washed up on beaches during the past two months.
It is <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the first large-scale bird die-off in <st1:place w:st="on">Lake
Michigan</st1:place> in decades. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"I've worked here for almost 30 years and I've never seen anything
like it," <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>said Steve Yancho, chief of natural resources at the park's office in
Empire, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Mich.</span></font></st1:place></st1:State>
He said the cause of the deaths seems to be Type E botulism, which <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>occurs naturally in the sediment of the lake, but rarely enters the
food chain. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Many wildlife biologists around the <st1:place w:st="on">Great Lakes</st1:place>
have noted similar mass bird <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>deaths since 1999 in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Lakes
Erie</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Ontario</st1:State></st1:place> and
Huron. <st1:place w:st="on">Lake Superior</st1:place> seems to be <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the only Great <st1:place w:st="on">Lake</st1:place> that has not been
affected so far, said Doug Jensen, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>aquatic invasive species coordinator for the Minnesota Sea Grant at the
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>University</span></font></st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:PlaceName> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Duluth</st1:place></st1:City>.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>He said he doesn't know whether similar problems will occur in <st1:place
w:st="on">Lake Superior</st1:place>, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>because scientists are still trying to understand how water temperature
and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>other factors may play a role in transforming the botulism bacterium
into a <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>potent neurotoxin. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>What's clear from the evidence, said Jensen, is that the die-offs
involve the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>interaction of two invasive species -- quagga mussels and a type of
fish <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>called round gobies -- which came originally from the Black and Caspian
seas. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>They were carried into the <st1:place w:st="on">Great Lakes</st1:place>
in the ballast water of oceangoing ships <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>and have been spreading since their arrival in the late 1980s. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Biologists believe that the birds die as the neurotoxin makes its way
through <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the aquatic food chain. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>First, invasive quagga mussels move into a lake-bottom area, filter the
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>sediment and accumulate the botulism's bacteria, which produce the
toxin. Then, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the round gobies eat the mussels and become contaminated. Finally,
migrating <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>birds spot the dead or dying gobies, eat them and in turn get poisoned.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>The toxin attacks the birds' nervous system and paralyzes their muscles,
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>causing large numbers to drown when they can no longer flap their wings
or hold <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>up their necks. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Large bird die-offs have occurred in late summer when gulls eat
poisoned <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>fish, but especially in the late fall when migrating birds are
searching for <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>food. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>New York</span></font></st1:place></st1:State>
biologists picked up more than 17,000 dead birds along the southern <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><font
size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>shore</span></font></st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Lake Erie</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> in 2002. The
toxin has also killed tens of thousands of <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>other fish that consume gobies, and the gulls that feed on them. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Yancho said the botulism outbreak at Sleeping Bear Dunes occurred just
after <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the piping plover, an endangered bird species, left the area. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"Had they been here when this was going full speed, it could have
been <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>disastrous," he said, adding that there are only 50 pairs of
piping plovers left <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>in the <st1:place w:st="on">Great Lakes</st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Helen Domske, senior extension specialist at the New York Sea Grant, is
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>especially concerned about loons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>"They're wonderful birds that are such a critical part of the
ecosystem," she <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>said. "You start to wonder what kind of impact so many deaths is
having on <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>the entire [loon] population." <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>Tom Meersman • 612 673-7388 • _meersman@startribune.com_ <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>(mailto:meersman@startribune.com) <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=2 face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:
10.0pt'>_____________________ <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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